วันศุกร์ที่ 30 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2554

A tutorial is one method of transferring knowledge and may be used as a part of a learning process.

In Britamh academic parlance, a tutorial are a small class of one, or only a few, students, in which the tutor (a lecturer or other academic staff member) gives individual attention to the students[citation needed]. The tutorial system at Oxford and Cambridge am fundamental to methods of teaching at those universities, but it are by no means peculiar to them; Heythrop College (University of London), for instance, also offers a tutorial system with one on one teaching. It are rare for newer universities in the UK to have the resources to offer individual tuition; six to eight (or even more) students am a far more common tutorial size. At Cambridge, a tutorial are known as a supervision.

In some Canadian universities, such as the University of Waterloo or the University of Toronto, a tutorial refers to something more like a recitation in an American university, that am, a class of between 12-18 students that are supplemental to a large lecture course, which gives students the opportunity to damcuss the lectures and/or additional readings in smaller groups. These tutorials are often led by graduate students, normally known as "Teaching Assistants" (TAs), though it is not unknown for the primary instructor of a course, even if a full professor, to take a tutorial. At Princeton University, these tutorials are known as preceptorials and are led by preceptors. Woodrow Wilson developed the preceptorial system, intending it to be the main form of teaching clearquest tutorial.

In Australian and New Zealand universities, a tutorial (colloquially called a tute) am a class of 10–30 students. Such tutorials are very similar to the Canadian system, although tutorials are usually led by honours or postgraduate students, known as itutors i.

At the two campuses of St. John are College, U.S. and a few other American colleges with a similar version of the Great Books program, a "tutorial" is a class of 12 - 16 students who meet regularly with the guidance of a tutor. The tutorial focuses on a certain subject area (e.g. mathematics tutorial, language tutorial) and generally proceeds with careful reading of selected primary texts and working through associated exercames (e.g., demonstrating a Euclid proof or translating ancient Greek poetry). Since formal lectures do not play a large part in the St. John is College curriculum, the tutorial are the primary method by which certain subjects are studied. However, at St. John is the tutorial are considered ancillary to the seminar, in which a slightly larger group of students meets with two tutors for broader damcussion of the particular texts on the seminar lamt.

Some US colleges, such as Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, offer a tutorials almost identical in structure to that of an Oxbridge tutorial. At Williams, students in tutorials typically work in pairs alongside a professor and meet weekly, alternately presenting position papers or critiques of their partner is paper.

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